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1 AAAȫc(din)ﱣo(h)λ
幫
幫̖QϵһǡλںЖ|Ϸ5̎ռes6.7wʮ꣨1889o(j)gHֆύuƳl(wi)ԣγҶVҺwfҺ㌶С幫֮Q幫Լɂ(c)KW(xu)o幫^ȪcwNB236ͤͭ@ͤ_wŽȺMɡǞһľ|(zh)Y(ji)(gu)ʽļt9e450ƽTҒ조幫~ϒϵһǡMң´d(ni)幫´dϣL“(lin)߶urλH顰һǡxL“(lin)飺ֻ֪Ї֪Α{ǧĥ(jin)־nԸȺŊ^Īؓ(f)˹ǡĩκƫ؎˲TǰtdW(xu)Ǭڴ˘С߅W(xu)oú幫W(xu)o㽭ʿvW(xu)ַ[Ԕ(x)]
2Ӣ_ AAAȫc(din)ﱣo(h)λ
Ӣ_
Ӣ_TҰl(f)F(xin)֮о߼ָJ(rn)_Tԭַͨ^ʷ͌(dng)?sh)Cͬr_80dǰľ·𸡬F(xin)ǰλںк·(c)Ӣ档_й(zhn)|䡢200LĺСɽϖ|ֱTRűˎgǴٳو߅ľ[[C(j)_Bͬٽռes1fƽʼw17(Ԫ1891),mv(jng)á@һ_ڮ(dng)ϵ(ni)„ĺ_֮һcϺą_Ĵ_V|ĻT_QȫĴ_Ǻη-ĚvʷҊC1985_мc(din)ﱣo(h)λ20065±(w)Ժ(zhn)ȫc(din)ﱣo(h)λ TƱ 10Ԫ8ԪW(xu)r_ŕrg _žc(din)λúA^(q)Q(mo)·3̖[Ԕ(x)]
3Ĺ AAȫc(din)ﱣo(h)λ
Ĺ
ĹҼc(din)ﱣo(h)λںʡIĴĺĹһL@ܞʯ@(ni)ľļLh(hun)oCĹ@ʼfvʮ꣨1589꣩ǻʵSӂ̵ϱO(jin)޽ɵġ(j)f(dng)`\(yn)F(xin)Ĺؕŗ`ѵKͻȻ˂Ԟ@ǺxȡL(fng)ˮأnj͵15141587꣩tһև_̖ɽи(zhn)𻨴el(xing)ԇ붼nM(jn)ʿƽIδ֪hd֪h΃(ni)棬ԲۿÓڡڼξʮΑ˾rڌŷʿSպL֮ˎʧo˸Gֻк-ֱG@ҰTz@¡c꣨1569꣩Α(yng)Ѳ΃(ni)迣һl޷⵽˵ķšl(xing)һ[Ԕ(x)]
4𿣹ʾӼĹ AAȫc(din)ﱣo(h)λ
𿣹ʾӼĹ
𿣹ʾӼĹλںʡЭɽ^(q)(zhn)·Ӣ^(q)(zhn)ˮ^𺣴϶Ζ|(c)𿣣̖塢ɽe̖ɽɽ(zhn)壨𻨴塱҇~W(xu)15o(j)ĽܳW(xu)ͬ𱻷QpڡǺٽԕԵvʷʮ꣨1421꣩ʸĸB(yng)ڊ^x”^ˣͯrԊδԊXt澎гԊx𿣵ԊСf߰˚qԊ@ˡƽԊfռŹP(jng)֓𿣹ʾλڽ·9̖ԺTڑҒɇŽ_}Ă֡𿣹ʾӡʾʼ꣨1369꣩ռes700ƽ麣ϬF(xin)ľY(ji)(gu)𿣹ʾӬF(xin)桰^áǰÃM(jn)ǰ3gM(jn)4Ӳɽʽ岼ͨ4ס[Ԕ(x)]
犘
犘DZО麣ڰ˾֮һvʷƾãǞm(yng)̶ͨѳɞ麣ڵҪĘ(bio)־cԽ֮һĺ犘1987꺣(j)нO(sh)Ҫf犘ԭòܿĽɺɞһ顰•犘λںЅ^(q)L·ڃͯ@(ni)ڣɽMcɽ·RϪְˮӰbsʮõe110.25ƽףռ27.56ƽǸ27.36䓽Y(ji)(gu)òۂ^xϺ555߅ֱ2ωK(gu)rL0.53ףL130犈(bo)rһɔU(ku)4ȲƓP(yng)f犘ǽBʮ꣨1686꣩O(sh)y(tng)ܱuغʮ̎ĺP(gun)(ni)غۿں͖|ρ̴՝u؄eS꣨1858꣩ڱٞ͢錦ڡ[Ԕ(x)]
6ʾ
ʾ
ڸ·ļtǺһf(yn)CµġϺ족Ʒ–ڼtǺ·߅Ʒһ¹ŽȺ@޵ĺʾ𣨹Ԫ1514ꡫ1587꣩t̖(zhn)ˡμԄֱQu(y)顰족׆ʸĸHĽ̌(do)ˡxʥtɇ¡Ĵ־36qel(xing)ԇe˺㱻]xɹ٣鸣ƽhW(xu)Iδd֪hξ꣨1564Α˾ξʵۺʧŷʿ(dn)nξʮ꣨1565ϡΰ衷ָ⳯ʧʵ۱Tzξ@ጏ(f)š¡c꣨1569Α(yng)Ѳ΃(ni)ףƽԩzɽϰ0¡c꣨1570P߹ՓTٻl(xing)e_(d)15֮fvʮ꣨1585͢(f)ꡭ[Ԕ(x)]
7 ʡc(din)ﱣo(h)λ
FĹ
FĹ ΰ(1495)FھۡK75q͢FeYĹxڭɽˮ^֮Դ(j)fFĹǰ˻صl(xing)xȥǰ3FL(fng)ˮLĹ(dn)εǰ챪챪_(d)ݺֱҵFČW(xu)ԊһFڼl(xing)xһ̎Ěw޵ FĹТںΰ꣨1495޽M(fi)r4¡Ĺͥռ0.25ĹûrɣA߼s6ϳƫ|5㡣ԭĹ֞6ĹӋ(j)16_AĹǰĹ4.42팒1ϷЌpgСⵓٱ̫̫ЕӢW(xu)ʿ̫ٛufaһƷ˅֮Ĺ߅ؿQƵȼyĹǰ2̎ʯ_1_ǰʯt1ֻʯT_2Ĺǰ16̎ʯƷ1ߡ[Ԕ(x)]
¹r(nng)t܊ľfַ
¼t܊ľfַȫ100Ґۇxʡﱣo(h)λʡy(tng)λںЭɽ^(q)λǺЭɽ^(q)¼t܊ľfַʼ19521984ꡢ19891998ԭɽhԓfַM(jn)˔U(ku)͸Ľľfַԭ顰šRַ1938125խ¹r(nng)t܊ڴ˸ľ顰V|񱊿l(wi)F(tun)ʮą^(q)(d)(du)fַռe15T҂(c)ʯϿRɽͬ־vϑ(zhn)ʿԭ܊^(q)˾T}ġ¼t܊ľfַT16̎Qһ-Ī(d)(du)?wi)?zhn)ʿȫ~|(zh)T10.4~4.65.8ǰԪ}~¿hСľ顱~ĺǼo(j)^L408ס7{(ln)ɫռe300ƽס^܇Nֲ23[Ԕ(x)]
9RR
RR
ĺ@Ǹ¸^ȼم^(q)ijڷ[һ̎L(fng)컵Ȫء@ǺӵԴ^ҲǺһ̎EڵءRַQŏRR˸M(jn)o·ʮ֮·߅һK˶ߵĻɽʯR֘·߅ĝؾˮ峺Rc(din)ռe20஀һ(bio)(zhn)ԴҪһ(d)ďRRǰRVͣ܇ȪһlСϪһɽrʯ߀һƷ;^M^(q)m󣬵ڝ峺ĻɽrȪˮ(dng)?sh)ҲQ֮顰ˮLɱ֮܇ֲSï`ʮһݡˮϴЉmһڡˮܜʎ`׌㕺rsgğ@ǺdȪo҂ġԴĸŏRȪγɵСϪıR^Ҫ(jng)^һ[Ԕ(x)]
10m ʡc(din)ﱣo(h)λ
m
mλɽ·87̖ĺm(ҲQRR)ʼԪ700vʷź󣬺ؔ(ci)Tm(dng)a(chn)D(zhun)wзa(chn)ֹзa(chn)֌䮔(dng)ֱܹLUoQ(mo)ٵĺƷ(yng)˾ɽAS̈ʹ20006(zhn)mмﱣo(h)λ20095ʡ(zhn)mڶʡﱣo(h)λ(j)¡_־ӛdԪڭɽٺڣfݣfݣ͸ж|ȵѽ(jng)F(xin)ˡR^f͖|ġRџozEΨкڵд棬zַںϽɽ·ͰɳTϴRF(xin)СmձС~﴾ġύuʷҲᵽύuRԪrڰɳͺڵġɽ·ġmһSʮ꣨1860꣩2000[Ԕ(x)]
ŽXַ
ڭɽŽXַλںʡЭɽ^(q)?zh)?zhn)|ŽX塣Ӣۖ|26.2TϽ֖|20.9ȫc(din)ﱣo(h)λԪǰ111hƽԽ֮ڴںύuO(sh)ºٶO(sh)16h@ںO(sh)õC(j)(gu)ٸϰՙMԭסķٶڹԪǰ82겢¿Դˣ¿ɞ鮔(dng)rύuC(j)(gu)ȻhٱύuӊZ_l(f)δֹϢ׃Ӆ¿،O{(dio)(dng)?sh)ԭסֹƷVM(jn)ؕ͢ϰղؓ(f)ȹ뿤nj䚢OҵăӌO^ο͢Ո˜yì՝uJ˺ύuԭסһ͢òɼ{ZxOZ֮Ľhŗύuֱӽy(tng)rgǹԪǰ46Ҳf¿ȺH64꣬úύuO(sh)ݰuġ졭[Ԕ(x)]
¡һfַ
¡һfַǺēu@ǭ¸ʮt첻IJԴλںн·131̖ԭլռe1839.09ƽe994.26ƽuľY(ji)(gu)192019266Ї0µһδ@_xea(chn)Ї0µطίTI(lng)(do)C(j)(gu)Ĵˣ¸˜I(y)һ(jin)(qing)I(lng)(do)1950꺣ϽźȺɞ鲿(du)ںͺϙC(j)P(gun)kס޵ĵط1984fַ_һмﱣo(h)λ199411ʡ֌乫һʡﱣo(h)λ19968º_ʼޏ(f)fַwסԼ20ԺĽ200051¡һfַy(tng)غξc(din)ʽ_š^(q)ַʡЭɽ^(q)·131̖܇·ںЃ(ni)241022283234[Ԕ(x)]
13ں
ں
λںʡӢ^(q)·߽ںM(jn)ԺTΨһĽیT“(lin)Z`Ρf(yn)fѺʩǧКݣ]c(din)Ͷ(qing)ƲwĵùסһF(xin)ڵġ¡̎ĵطѽ(jng)ܱˡ(ni)С`•@աաͽ߀ԸĽ(jng)Ժ߀ķɽAɽӭՈľNɵġ𡱡ʮ_hcز_ۡһڵ(ni)mȻ²̧^ȥѽ(jng)Ѭ˘МɣXh(hun)@R˝Mغ~پǝMĿо߅ӱȼh(yun)̎һ̎ϰֲ^߀׃@ӈء¡Ҳ\(yn)(j)ĵĴӢɽϣs(dng)޹@o(qing)Ʋw˂ףһ@ôݲһԺ@(dng)߀ǽ^(q)ĵطB(qing)(jin)ֵ˽ʡֲòo_l(f)׌·R·߅˵˺á[Ԕ(x)]
14Txʾ ʡc(din)ﱣo(h)λ
Txʾ
ʡۇxءTxʾλںЭɽ^(q)(zhn)ϼs5L̩fľnƽ̹ĴM(jn)fڱPe(ji)awŘԣDZ-u(y)顰һáTx܊ĹʾL̩屳ɽ温GҰTxʾ̎ڴf̎ݺľǰͥ،Gݵ\Txʾʼ1922꣬1942궬܊Qʳʎrٚ1951ޏ(f)1984갴ԭòؽ韵ͥһۂĵӳۺTxCȻɫrܵϣ-}ġTx܊傀Cxʾݡ~IJֽMռe6߽ʾӳۺQͥԺеTx~~1ס11.91.2-ͬ־}ġTx܊СTxƽ顱oӵݡ[Ԕ(x)]
šһˇuo(j)
šһˇuo(j)Ǻc(din)ﱣo(h)λАۇxλںи(zhn)Tǹ@(ni)λǺЭɽ^(q)šһˇuo(j)193112䓽ˮY(ji)(gu)O(sh)Ӌ(j)(d)L(fng)o(j)4ʈAֱ4.6wY(ji)(gu)Q|֘Πhֱڮ(gu)w|ʡСţһˇuo(j)Ŀɞwһֱձ̫ĈAλԱʾЇՏ(f)|ʡěQĺͷձߵĈ(jin)(qing)־1931918ձۇxͻu_ʼȫռЇ|ʡ^֮šһˡ׃ʾh(yun)@һuԸd@õļo(j)[Ԕ(x)]